[생각 정리] 논문 읽기(HOW TO READ PAPER): 다양한 견해들

Abstract

해당 글은 '논문 읽기(HOW TO READ PAPER)'라는 글을 토대로 논문을 읽는 방법에 대해 정리한 글입니다. 

Detail

1. How to Read a Paper

위 논문은 무척 짧습니다. 논문을 읽는 법을 보면 번역문으로 보실 수 있습니다. 저자는 3단계를 제안하며, How to Read a Paper은 대학원 혹은 연구소에 재직하는 분들을 위해 쓰여진 듯 합니다.

• 첫째 Quick Scan. 읽을 가치가 있는지를 빠르게 판단하기 위해 훑어보는 것입니다.
• 둘째 Reading with greater care. 주의깊게 읽기.
• 셋째 Re-Implementing the paper. 논문의 가정을 기초로 나만의 논문만들기. 그리고 논문과 비교하기.

2. How to read and understand a scientific paper: a guide for non-scientists

보통 논문에 어려움을 가진 사람들은 비전공자 혹은 비전문가들이며, 이런 분들을 위한 가이드입니다. Jennifer Raff가 쓴 글인데 수많은 사람들이 의견을 남긴 글이기도 합니다.

논문읽기를 하기 전에 조언을 남겼는데 개인적으로 무척 중요한 지적이라는 생각입니다. 보통 신문 기사나 칼럼과 다름을 강조합니다.

Reading a scientific paper is a completely different process than reading an article about science in a blog or newspaper.

그리고 지겹고 지루한 과정임을 잊지말고 익숙해지라고 합니다.

Reading a single paper may take you a very long time at first. Be patient with yourself. The process will go much faster as you gain experience.

본론의 목차만 나열하면 아래와 같습니다. 저는 2번이 인상적이었습니다.

1. Begin by reading the introduction, not the abstract.
2. Identify the BIG QUESTION: Not “What is this paper about”, but “What problem is this entire field trying to solve?”
3. Summarize the background in five sentences or less.
4. Identify the SPECIFIC QUESTION(S)
5. Identify the approach
6. Now read the methods section. Draw a diagram for each experiment, showing exactly what the authors did.
7. Read the results section. Write one or more paragraphs to summarize the results for each experiment, each figure, and each table. Don’t yet try to decide what the results mean, just write down what they are.
8. Do the results answer the SPECIFIC QUESTION(S)? What do you think they mean?
9. Read the conclusion/discussion/Interpretation section.
10. Now, go back to the beginning and read the abstract.
11. FINAL STEP: (Don’t neglect doing this) What do other researchers say about this paper?

SPECIFIC QUESTION(S)이라는 표현이 등장합니다. 개인적인 표현으로 하면 “구체적인 문제의식”이라고 할 수 있습니다. Question이라는 표현을 다른 표현으로 하면 Why가 아닐까 합니다. 유명한 물리학자인 리차드 파인만의 인터뷰입니다. “Why Magnets”와 관련한 대화인데.. “Why”가 왜 중요한지, 어떤 맥락으로 “Why”라는 질문을 해야 하는지를 설명합니다.

Interviewer: What does that mean, or why are they doing that, or how are they doing that? I think that’s a perfectly reasonable question.

Feynman: Of course, it’s an excellent question. But the problem, you see, when you ask why something happens, how does a person answer why something happens? For example, Aunt Minnie is in the hospital. Why? Because she went out, slipped on the ice, and broke her hip. That satisfies people. It satisfies, but it wouldn’t satisfy someone who came from another planet and who knew nothing about why when you break your hip do you go to the hospital. How do you get to the hospital when the hip is broken? Well, because her husband, seeing that her hip was broken, called the hospital up and sent somebody to get her. All that is understood by people. And when you explain a why, you have to be in some framework that you allow something to be true. Otherwise, you’re perpetually asking why. Why did the husband call up the hospital? Because the husband is interested in his wife’s welfare. Not always, some husbands aren’t interested in their wives’ welfare when they’re drunk, and they’re angry.

3.  How to read a scientific paper

이 칼럼은 논문을 다음과 같은 시각으로 바라봅니다. IMRD 구조라고 합니다.

Introduction: What was the question?
Methods: How did the research(s) try to answer it?
Results: What did the researchers find?
Discussion: What do the results mean?

논문 읽기를 다음과 같이 작업이라고 합니다. 여기서도 눈길이 가는 단어는 Questioning입니다.

Reading a scientific paper should not be done in a linear way (from beginning to end); instead, it should be done strategically and with a critical mindset, questioning your understanding and the findings. Sometimes you will have to go backwards and forwards, take notes and have multiples tabs opened in your browser.

4. ChatGPT

그러면 요즘 유행하는 ChatGPT는 무엇이라고 할까요?

Reading a research paper can be a daunting task, especially if you are not familiar with the subject matter. Here are some tips that can help you get started:

Start by skimming the paper to get an overview of its content. Look at the title, abstract, introduction, and conclusion to get a sense of what the paper is about and what the main findings are.
As you read the paper, take note of any unfamiliar terms or concepts. Look them up in a dictionary or online to make sure you understand them.

Pay attention to the methods and results sections of the paper. These sections will typically describe the experiments that were conducted and the results that were obtained.

As you read, try to identify the key points and arguments that the authors are making. Take note of any supporting evidence, such as data or citations, that the authors use to back up their claims.

Keep an open mind and be critical of the paper. Ask yourself questions like: Are the methods used appropriate? Do the results support the conclusions? Is there any bias in the paper?

Overall, reading a research paper is a bit like solving a puzzle. It takes time and effort, but with careful attention and some background knowledge, you can understand the main points and evaluate the quality of the research.

 

참고

• [Paper] How to Read a Paper: http://ccr.sigcomm.org/online/files/p83-keshavA.pdf
• [Paper] How to read and understand a scientific paper: a guide for non-scientists: https://violentmetaphors.com/2013/08/25/how-to-read-and-understand-a-scientific-paper-2/
• [Youtube] 리처드 파인만 Why?: https://youtu.be/3smc7jbUPiE 
• [Paper] How to read a scientific paper: https://www.elsevier.com/connect/infographic-how-to-read-a-scientific-paper
• [OpenAI] ChatGPT: https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/ 
• [Blog] 논문 읽기(HOW TO READ PAPER): https://smallake.kr/?p=31847